oswald



Aug. 30, 1955 J. H. OSWALD 2,716,262

HINGED WINDOW SASH STRUCTURE WITH PIVOTED BOLT FASTENER Original FiledApril 5, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet l IKIVENTOR.

con BY W ATTORNEYS g- 30, 1955 J. H. OSWALD 2,716,262

HINGED WINDOW SASH STRUCTURE WITH PIVOTED BOLT FASTENER Original FiledApril 5, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 F/6.3 8 l I F/G. 8

1 w w az F 1: w x T ATTORNEYS J. H. OSWALD Aug. 30, 1955 HINGED WINDOWSASH STRUCTURE WITH PIVOTED BOLT FASTENER 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 OriginalFiled April 5, 1952 IN V EN TOR. 71 M ATTORNEYS MGQ J. H. OSWALD Aug.30, 1955 HINGED WINDOW SASH STRUCTURE WITH PIVOTED BOLT FASTENEROriginal Filed April 5, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. M 4 M UnitedStates Patent Oflice 2,716,262 Patented Aug. 30, 1955 HINGED WINDOW SASHSTRUCTURE WITH PIVOTED BOLT FASTENER Joseph H. Oswald, South Euclid,Ohio Original application April 5, 1952, Serial No. 280,710. Divided andthis application May 17, 1954, Serial No. 430,134

7 Claims. (Cl. 20-53) The invention relates to hinged windows, such forexample as casement windows having frame and sash parts formed chieflyof wood. The present application is a division of my copendingapplication Serial No. 288,710, filed April 5, 1952.

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved sash fastenerfor hinged windows operationally characterized by powerful closingaction against the resistance of resilient weather strips, efiectivelocking, powerful opening action to break sticking paint and ease ofmanual operation and structurally characterized by great simplicity, lowmanufacturing and installation costs, pleasing appearance and freedomfrom damage during building construction.

It is also an object of the invention to provide an improved hingedwindow structure especially constructed to cooperate with the improvedfastener.

For the attainment of the foregoing objects and other incidentalobjects, the invention consists in certain forms, arrangements andcombinations of parts which will be exemplified and explained byreference to the accompanying drawings of a specific preferredconstruction and thereafter defined in the appended claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. l is an outside elevation of a double sash casement windowembodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an inside elevation of the same window.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged outside elevation of the improved mullionstructure and adjacent parts of the window frame, major portions of theframe structure being broken away to permit illustration on the enlargedscale.

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view on the broken line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary horizontal section on an enlarged scale taken onthe broken line 5-5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section through the sill and other adjacent partsof the window, the section being taken on the broken line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section taken on the line 7-7of Fig. 9 and showing the improved sash fastener mechanism, theoperating parts being shown in the positions which they occupy when thesash is closed and locked.

Fig. 8 is a vertical section corresponding to Fig. 7 and showing thevarious parts in the positions occupied when the sash has been moved toa partially opened position.

Fig. 9 is a vertical section on the line 9-9 of Fig. 7.

Referring in detail to the construction shown in the drawings, numeral 1designates generally the frame part of a window structure, 2 and 3designate generally a pair of sashes hingedly mounted in the frame andthe numerals 4 and 5 designate generally a pair of demountable stormsashes.

The frame structure 1 comprises a sill 6, jambs 7, 7, head 8, and amullion structure generally designated by the numeral 9. The jambs 7, 7are morticed at 7a to receive stops 10, 10 which may be rigidly securedto the jambs by screws or nails (not shown). Similarly the head 8 isformed with a mortice 8a to receive stops 11, 11. The sashes 2, 3 arepivotally connected to the jambs of the frame structure by conventionalcasement hinges 12, 12.

The sill structure also includes a stool 13 which is permanently securedto suitably spaced blocks 14 which in turn are permanently secured tosill 6 and thus support the stool at a substantially higher level thanthe sill (Fig. 6). Between the stool and the adjacent main sashes arearranged secondary stools 15, 15. The latter are detachably secured byscrews 15a, 15a to spacing blocks 16, 17 which are attached to the sill6. The secondary stools 15, 15 which serve to support the demountablesashes 4, 5 are thinner than the stool 13 so that the latter forms ashoulder to engage the demountable sashes with the result that thelatter at their lower ends are positioned between the outer edge of thestool 13 and inner surfaces of the upright window stops. That part ofeach secondary stool 15 between the main sash and the demountable sashmay have its top surface inclined outward and downward to providedrainage (Fig. 6). The usual trim molding 18 is attached to the inneredge of sill 6.

The sill 6 is formed on its upper surface with a mortise 6a whichextends from end to end of the sill. In the space between the sill 6 andeach secondary stool 15 is mounted the sash operator which, as shown, isof a conventional construction and comprises a housing 20 which isrigidly secured by screws 21 to sill 6, the rectangular base of thehousing fitting in the mortise 6a which thus serves to position thehousing and supplement the holding action of the screws. The operator isof the worm and wheel type having its operating arm 22 fitted with ananti-friction slide 23 that engages in the channel of a track 24 rigidlysecured to the bottom rail of the sash 3 (or 2). The operator isactuated in well known manner by a detachable crank 25 which passesthrough an aperture in the trim molding 18 to engage a socket in theworm of the operator gearing.

The mullion structure 9 comprises a wood post 26 which, for convenienceof manufacture, is formed of two similar halves 26a, 26b which are keyedand glued together to form a rigid unitary structure. This poststructure 26 is formed at its bottom to fit the mortise 6a of the silland is rigidly anchored in position by a pair of splines 27, 27 (Figs. 3and 4) which are formed of tough multiple layer plywood and fit slots26a, 26a in the bottom of the mullion post and slots 6!), 6b formed inthe top surface of the sill 6. The splines are permanently glued to themullion post and, in the assembly of the frame, are secured to the sillby means of long screws 28, 28 which pass upward through the sill toenter and powerfully expand the tough plywood of the splines.

The upper end of the mullion post is attached to the head 8 of the framein substantially the same manner as its lower end is attached to thesill. That is, the post 26 is formed at its upper end to fit the mortise8a of the head and plywood splines 29, 29 glued in slots formed in post26, engage slots 8b formed in the lower side of the head 8. Screws 30,30 serve to mechanically secure the head and mullion structures rigidlytogether.

The two halves of the mullion post 26 are shaped so that the post on itsouter side is formed throughout its length with a recess having lateralgrooves or slots. In the recess is arranged a mullion and weather sealmember 31 which is formed of resilient sheet material by longitudinallyfolding an elongated strip of the material to approximately V form (Fig.5) with its free edges turned laterally to engage the lateral slots inthe member 31 are inclined to engage the correspondingly beveled uprightedges of the window sashes 2,3. Member 31 is preferably made ofstainless steel or other corrosion resistant material havingconsiderable resilience-so that the member is subject to somecompression when the window is closed, as in Fig. 5, to form aneffective weather seal between the adjacent edges of the sashes. It willbe seen that the relatively thin form of the mullion member 31 permitsclose spacing of the adjacent edges of the sashes and secures a pleasingslender appearance of the mullion section of the window.

At its inner side the mullion post is fitted with a trim.

cap 32 which may be glued or' otherwise rigidly secured to the post.

The post 26 of the mullion structure is fitted with a pair of fastenersfor the two sashes 2 and 3. Each fastener, generally designated by thenumeral 33, comprises a bolt mechanism of the pivoted cam type generallydesignated by the numeral 34 and a keeper device generally designated bythe numeral 35.

The bolt mechanism comprises a housing 36 formed of'two like halves 36awhich are formed of flat sheet strip material bent to form a flangealong one edge, the halves being combined as shown in Fig. 9. Thuscombined the halves form a flat open-ended housing which is mounted in acorrespondingly-shaped mortise which perforates the mullion post fromthe inner face to the outer face thereof. Within the housing 36 aremounted a rotary cam type bolt member 37 and an actuator 38, both ofwhich are pivotally mounted on tubular rivets 39 and 40, respectively,these rivets serving also to rigidly join together the halves of thehousing. The bolt mechanism 34 of the fastener is anchored in themullion post by a pair of specially formed wood screws 41 and 42 whichare inserted in holes bored in the post and pass through the rivets 39and 40, respectively, of the housing structure 36. The screws 41 and 42have taper ends which, in the case of screws 41, engage in apertures inthe mullion member 31 and constitute supplementary means for looselysecuring said member. Also the screws 41 serve as adjustable means forlimiting the spread of the sides of member 31.

The peripheries of the cam bolt 37 and the actuator 38 are formed withintermeshing spur gear teeth 37a, 38a, respectively, so that rotation ofthe actuator effects rotation of the bolt member. The actuator 38 isformed with an elongated handle 38b to make the actuation of the boltsuitably powerful.

The side of the bolt member 37 of the fastener, opposite the teeth 37athereof, is formed with an elongated cam slot which provides an inwardlyfacing cam surface 37b and an outwardly facing cam surface 370, thesesurfaces being designed to cooperate with the keeper of the fastenermechanism.

To provide a suitable dress or finish for the inner side of the fastenermechanism, an escutcheon plate is attached to the post 26, theescutcheon being formed with a slot to accommodate the handle of theactuator 38.

The keeper 35 of the fastener comprises a shell 44 which is preferablydrawn or die-formed from sheet metal, the shell being of circularsegmental form which will be apparent from Figs. and 7. Extendingbetween and riveted to the flat sides of the shell 44 is a keeper pin 45designed to cooperate with the cam surfaces 37b and 370 of the boltmember 37. The shell 44 of the keeper device is mounted in a mortiseformed in the inner side of the sash as shown in Fig. 5, the shell beinganchored by screws 46, 46. Fig. 7 shows the parts of the fastener intheir closed and locked positions while Fig. 8 shows them in thepositions occupied when the sash is moved to a partially open positionby means of the. fastener. It will be apparent that as the handle 38b 4of the fastener is raised the cam surface 370 of the bolt member 37, byits engagement with the keeper pin 45, will act to positively force thesash open to the position shown in Fig. 8, and, on the other hand, whenthe open sash is moved to the nearly closed position shown in Fig. 8,the keeper pin engages the end of the cam surface 370 and is in positionto be engaged by the cam surface 37b and drawn forcibly to a fullyclosed position as the actuator handle 38b is swung downward. Camsurface. 37b is designed and positioned in relation to the cam pivot toeffectively lock the sash in closed position.

The outer faces of the jarnb steps 10 and the head stops 11 are fittedwith conventional weather strips 47 and the outer face of the mullion issimilarly fitted with weather strips 48 which supplement sealing actionof the mullion member 31. The weather seal strips 47 and 48 are engagedby the inner faces of the sashes 2 and 3 and function in well-knownmanner. At the bottom of each of the sashes 2 and 3 is mounted a weatherseal consisting of a rocker bar 49 which is loosely secured to the sill6 by screws 50 which pass loosely through holes in the bar (Fig. 6).Each rocker bar is in the form of a metal angle strip with the two armsof the angle connected by a curved zone adapted to roll or rock on thesill support. When the sash is closed the upright arm of the bar isengaged by the inner face of the sash so that the other arm is tipped upinto forcible engagement with the bottom edge of the sash to form aneffective seal. This rocker bar seal is fully shown and described inUnited States Patent No. 2,5 83,439, granted January 22, 1952, and maybe referred to for a disclosure thereof in complete detail. However itmay be noted that the screw holes of the bars 49 form drainage passagesfor any moisture that may condense on the inner side of the sashes 2, 3.It will also be noted that the use of the rocker bar type of sealprovides a substantial space between the bottom edge of the sashes andthe sill so that troublesome ice formation and sticking of thesash isavoided'in winter and the holding of moisture between the sash and thesill with resultant rotting is obviated. Furthermore, the action of therocker bar has special advantagesin connection with casement type windowsashes since the upward pressure on the sash exerted by the outwardlyextending arm of the bar when the sash is closed resists any downwardpull of the fasteners 33 on the sashes; and, generally, the rocker barreduces the loading of the sash hinges when the sashes are closed.

Mention has already been made of the effective manner in which the camof the main sash fastener, in the closing of the sash, reaches out toengage the keeper before the weather strips are materially compressed.This is of considerable importance because the aggregate resistancewhich the weather strips offer to complete closing of the sash is morethan the sash operator can readily overcome. The long reach-of thefastener cam and its powerful cam action make this weakness of theoperator unimportant. In its fully closed position the fastenercam, ofcourse, effectively locks the sash. On the other hand, in the opening ofthe sash the powerful kick-out action of the fastener cam is effectiveto loosen a sash stuck by varnish or paint, where the sash operatoralone would be-ineffective.

The simplicity and ease of manufacture and installation of the sashfastener 33 are exceptional. The cam and cam operator parts are stampedfrom plate metalstock, all working surfaces (cam, gear teeth and pivotaperture) being formed in the one .operation. The housing is formed oftwo identical-flanged sheet metal pieces which can be made easily andcheaply. Permanent assembly of the cam, operator, rivet and-housingparts is quickly and easily effected by simultaneous swaging operationson the ends of the tubular rivets. The resulting assembly is easilyslipped into the mortise through the mullion and effectively anchored bythe screws inserted through the tubular rivets. The mortise to receivethe housing is readily cut by a single operation with a chain-typemortiser. In the case of the keeper structure of the fastener the shellcan be formed of sheet metal by a stamping and die operation and thecircular segmental form of the shell makes possible easy formation ofthe mortise to receive it.

While preferred forms of construction of the various features of theinvention have been shown and described, the various features of theinvention may be embodied in other equivalent forms within the bounds ofthe appended claims.

What is claimed is:

I. An outwardly opening hinged window comprising a wood sash, a woodframe to which one edge of the sash is hinged, said frame at a pointremote from its hinged side having a part formed with a slat-shapedperforation extending through it from the inner side to the outer sideof the frame; and fastening means for the sash comprising a housingdisposed in the perforation between the open ends thereof and havingopenings in its opposite ends in line with the open ends of theperforation, means for securing the housing in the perforation, afastener bolt turnably mounted in the outer part of the housing with aportion of it projecting more or less from the outer face of the frameand the outer end of the housing, said fastener bolt having its partwhich projects from the outer face of the frame and the outer end of thehousing formed with push and pull cam surfaces, an actuating leveroperatively mounted in the inner part of the housing, the said leverprojecting from the inner end of the housing and the inner face of theframe, means forming a drive connection between the actuating lever andthe bolt constructed to effect a wide-range turning movement of thebolt, and a keeper secured to the sash in position to cooperate with thepush and pull cam surfaces of the fastener bolt, whereby angularmovement of the lever causes strong pulling and pushing forces on thesash in the sash-closing and opening directions, respectively.

2. A window as claimed in claim 1 in which the keeper is fully embeddedin the sash to permit adequate space for the operative mounting of thefastening bolt and actuating lever between the inner and outer sides ofthe window frame.

3. A window as claimed in claim 1 in which the inner side of the sash isformed with a circular segmental recess disposed opposite the fastenerbolt when the sash is in closed position and the keeper comprises aflat-sided housing in the form of a circular segment with its chordalside open and a transverse pin having its ends rigidly secured to theflat sides of the housing near its chordal side, the keeper housingbeing formed to fit the arcuate surface of the recess in the sash withits open side exposed to permit entry into it of the fastener bolt.

4. A window as claimed in claim 3 in which the embedded keeper issecured in the recess of the sash by screws extending through thearcuate wall of the keeper housing at acute angles to the face of thesash.

5. A window as claimed in claim 1 in which the driving connectionbetween the actuating lever and the bolt of the fastener consists ofintermeshing spur gear teeth formed on the lever and the bolt.

6. A fastener device for windows comprising a housing formed of a pairof like plates each having a lateral flange along one side and the pairbeing assembled together with the edge of each plate flange engaging theface of the other plate to make a fiat tubular structure with openingsin its opposite ends and a pair of rivets rigidly connecting the twoplates adjacent their respective ends with the rivets extending acrossthe passage through the housing from one flat plate to the other flatplate of the housing; a swinging fastener bolt formed to pivotallyengage one of the rivets and having oppositely facing pull and push camsurfaces arranged to project through one of the end-openings of thehousing; an actuating lever for the cam bolt pivotally engaging theother rivet of the housing and extending through the other end openingof the housing; and means forming an operating connection between theactuating lever and the bolt.

7. A fastener as claimed in claim 6 in which the driving connectionbetween the actuating lever and the bolt consists of intermeshing spurgear teeth formed on the lever and the bolt respectively.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS676,779 Stahl June 18, 1901 796,710 Dodds et al. Aug. 8, 1905 867,574Egge Oct. 8, 1907 1,263,349 Holtzman Apr. 16, 1918 2,011,152 KesslerAug. 13, 1935 2,548,681 Oswald Apr. 10, 1951 2,581,816 Schlueter Jan. 8,1952 2,664,601 Meindl Jan. 5, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 3,039 Great BritainFeb. 11, 1893 19,015 Great Britain Aug. 17, 1897 196,512 Germany Mar.18, 1908

